What is a cryopreservation unit?
A cryopreservation unit is an agent or device used to freeze and store biological samples at extremely low temperatures, often near -196°C, through the use of liquid nitrogen. It prevents the formation of ice crystals inside cells, which preserves their integrity and functionality after thawing.
Main applications of the cryopreservation unit
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Biobanking: Storage of cells, DNA, sperm, oocytes, or embryos.
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Biomedical research: Preservation of cell lines and biological samples.
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Pharmaceutical industry: Storage of bacterial cultures or viruses for vaccine production.
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Agri-food: Storage of yeast and enzyme cultures.
How does a cryopreservation unit work?
The cryopreservation process is based on the rapid reduction of temperature to reach a solid phase without massive crystal formation. The sample is first prepared in suitable laboratory equipment, then combined with cryoprotective agents such as DMSO (dimethyl sulfoxide) or glycerol. Next, it is cooled gradually until it reaches the desired storage temperature, often via immersion in liquid nitrogen.
Key steps of cryopreservation
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Preparation: Addition of cryoprotectants to minimize cellular damage.
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Controlled freezing: Slow cooling to avoid intracellular crystallization.
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Storage: Storage at very low temperatures in a liquid nitrogen cryopreservation unit or a cryogenic freezer.
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Rapid thawing: Rapid warming to preserve sample viability.
Why use a cryopreservation unit in the laboratory?
Using a cryopreservation unit guarantees several crucial advantages for research and medicine:
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Maintenance of cell viability: Preserved cells remain functional after thawing.
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Genetic preservation: Essential for species conservation programs and medical research.
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Secure long-term storage: Biological samples usable years later without loss of quality.
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Optimization of the cold chain: Protection against microbial proliferation and oxidation.
Different types of cryopreservation units
1. Chemical cryopreservatives
These are agents such as DMSO, glycerol, or specialized commercial solutions. They penetrate cells and protect against crystallization.
2. Physical cryopreservation units
Devices such as liquid nitrogen tanks, ultra-low temperature freezers, or rapid freezing chambers. They offer a physical environment adapted for sample storage.
Criteria for choosing a cryopreservation unit for your laboratory
When choosing a cryopreservation unit, several factors must be taken into account:
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Nature of the samples: Animal cells, plant cells, embryos, gametes? Each type requires specific protocols.
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Storage volume: Depending on the quantity of samples to be stored.
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Desired storage duration: Short-term or long-term storage.
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Reliability and safety: Presence of alarm systems in case of temperature rise.
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Regulatory compliance: Ensure that the equipment meets current standards for cryopreservation.
What is liquid nitrogen used for in a cryopreservation unit?
Liquid nitrogen is the cornerstone of cryogenic storage. Thanks to its extremely low boiling point (-196°C), it allows samples to be cooled rapidly and kept at a stable temperature, avoiding any bacterial proliferation or biological degradation.
Its liquid state at low pressure ensures homogeneous and rapid cooling, which is essential to preserve delicate cellular structures without the formation of harmful ice crystals.
Precautions to take with liquid nitrogen:
- Use protective gloves and safety goggles.
- Work in ventilated spaces to avoid asphyxiation due to oxygen displacement.
- Use containers specifically designed to withstand very low temperatures.
Main applications of the cryopreservation unit in the laboratory
The cryopreservation unit plays a central role in many scientific disciplines:
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Biomedical research: Preservation of stem cells, cell lines, viruses, and bacteria for experiments repeated over time.
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Fertility and medically assisted procreation: Storage of sperm, oocytes, and embryos for fertility treatments or fertility preservation before heavy medical treatments.
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Agri-food: Storage of microbial strains used in the manufacture of yogurt, cheese, or fermented products.
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Biodiversity conservation: Genetic preservation of endangered species via the storage of biological samples in biobanks.
Advantages and limitations of using a cryopreservation unit
Advantages
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Long-term stability: Ability to store samples for several years without noticeable alteration.
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Maintenance of cell viability: Thawed samples regain their initial functionality in most cases.
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Flexibility: Wide range of cell types and samples that can be preserved.
Limitations
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Energy costs: Need for a constant supply of liquid nitrogen or electricity to maintain low temperatures.
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Risks related to handling: Liquid nitrogen, if used incorrectly, presents health risks (burns, asphyxiation).
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Possible degradation: Improperly controlled thermal shock can damage cells or tissues.
What is the future of cryopreservation?
Research is advancing toward even more efficient cryopreservation methods, particularly by better controlling crystal formation and developing safer, less toxic cryoprotective agents. New technologies, such as ultra-rapid vitrification, already allow for better preservation of delicate cells like oocytes or embryos. The use of innovative materials for tanks and storage reservoirs also improves the safety and energy efficiency of laboratory equipment.
The demand for cryopreservation units is growing, especially with the rise of cell therapy, regenerative medicine, and genetic biobanks. Investing in reliable equipment is therefore more crucial than ever.
Request a quote for a laboratory cryopreservation unit
For the storage of samples at very low temperatures, Rewake offers refurbished cryopreservation units and associated equipment. Request your quote for a laboratory cryopreservation unit to identify the capacity and configuration adapted to your business.
